For instance, the carver of as tone seal requires bronze tools that he himself cannot make, and coloured stones for the seals that he does not know where to get. The division of labour is a mark of urban life.City people, thus, cease to be self-sufficient and depend on the products or services of other people.Urban centres involve in various economic activities such as food production, trade, manufactures and services.Of all ancient systems, it was the agriculture of southern Mesopotamia that was the most productive.Euphrates and Tigris act as a source of irrigation.The south is a desert, and this is where the first cities and writing emerged.To the east, tributaries of the Tigris provide routes of communication.In the north, there is a stretch of upland called a Steppe, where animal herding offers people a better livelihood than agriculture.In that region, agriculture began between 70 BCE. In the north-east lie green, undulating plains, gradually rising to tree-covered mountain ranges with clear streams and wildflowers, with enough rainfall to grow crops. Mesopotamia was the ancient name for what is now Iraq, which is a land of diverse environments.Navigate further through the blog to understand Writing and City Life and add more knowledge to your UPSC CSE preparation. Mesopotamia’s writing system and literature spread to the eastern Mediterranean, northern Syria, and Turkey after 2000 BCE, so that the kingdoms of that entire region were writing to one another, and to the Pharaoh of Egypt, in the language and script of Mesopotamia. Mesopotamian civilisation is known for its prosperity, city life, voluminous and rich literature and its mathematics and astronomy. Mesopotamia is the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris river, that is now part of the Republic of Iraq.
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